Monday, 11 June 2012

Dark tourism


Dark tourism (also black tourism or grief tourism) is tourism involving travel to sites associated with death and tragedy. Thanatourism,derived from the Ancient Greek word thanatos for the personification of death, is associated with dark tourism but refers more specifically to violent death; it is used in fewer contexts than the terms dark tourism and grief tourism. The main draw however to these locations is mostly due to their historical value rather than their associations with death and sufferingThe name is self-explanatory but to expound further, dark tourism is travel to some of the most somber and grim historical points of interest on the planet. Think sites of unspeakable horror, like the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camps in Poland, Khmer Rouge “Killing Fields” of Cambodia and Robben Island off the Cape Town coast.

Disaster Tourism


“Disaster Tourism” is somewhat of a paradox. In the name of self-preservation after all, most people flee from natural disasters. Disaster tourism is the act of traveling to a disaster area as a matter of curiosity. The behavior can be a nuisance if it hinders rescue, relief, and recovery operation A slim, intrepid minority however, prefer to fling themselves in the eye of the storm, as it were, or show up to observe the aftermath. Less aid workers and more storm chasers, these adrenaline fiends just like to watch.

Friday, 8 June 2012

Plant lay out


Plant lay out ideally involve the allocation of space and the arrangement of equipment in such a manner that over all operations cost can be minimized .Objectives of plant layout---Produce batter quality product ,Maximum utilization of floor area ,Reduce internal transport ,Less scrap and waste ,Few accidents,Minimum production delays ,Principles of plant layout-----Principle of overall integration ,Principle of minimum distance,Principle of flow,Principle of cubic space ,Principle of satisfaction and safety,Principle of flexibility Neatness .Symptoms of bad layout Excess work in progress ,Poor utilization of available space,Long material flow in line , long production cycle ,Difficult to supervise and control .types of plant lay out 1.Process or ‘Functional’ Plant Layout,2.Line or ‘Product’ Plant Layout,3.‘Fixed Position’ Layout ,4.‘Random’ Layout .Plant layout techniques Templates ,3 D models

Monday, 4 June 2012

PERT


PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) was developed in 1958 to help measure and control the progress of the Polaris Fleet Ballistic Missile program. The technique earned considerable respect for assisting in the management of thousands of different contractors and agencies, and is credited with helping to advance the completion date of the program by two years PERT is a technique for estimating and planning a large project. One of its most powerful concepts is that project management is the management of probabilities. PERT makes use of simple statistical mathematics in order to come up with a probability distribution for the completion dates of the project milestones.For example, in PERT tasks are estimated with three numbers: The best case, the nominal case, and the worst case. These three estimates are combined into an expected duration, and a standard deviation. Thus the duration of each task is presumed to be a random variable with a known distribution. The math is very simple. Consider a task whose best/nominal/worst estimate is 3/5/9. The expected completion time (ยต) is assumed to be (4*nominal + best + worst)/6, or in our case (4*5+3+9)/6 or about 5.33. The standard deviation (s) is assumed to be (worst - best)/6 or (9-3)/6 or 1. Now consider a simple project consisting of three tasks. We represent this as a simple chart with circles and arrows. The circles denote events, and the arrows denote tasks

Sunday, 3 June 2012

Great message About MY FATHER


A great man who spares his life Hides his feelings. Ignores his happines Accepts the pain. ... Forgets his comfort. Struggles at work. To make us live comfortable&be happy in our life witout struggle. So don't hurt that gentle DAD! Think of your DAD. "Share"it to all DAD lovers I'm proud of my DAD

Poem Of Love Accounting


Poem Of Love Accounting In the journal paper of my heart, I have written a journal entry. Debiting your love and your affection. Darling you write the narration, Your first love, I had already adjusted On the ledger-folio column, Any way our relations are true assets On double-entry system In addition, our love is true real and tangible You debit-what comes in, I credit-what goes out. Your beauty is the capital of business. My eyes are stock in trade. Let us enter into transaction, You secretly give me a trade discount, I openly give you a cash discount And thus my partner, Our trading and profit-loss account will show super profit My dear let us reconcile, all our errors and total the trial balance of our affairs arithmetically without maintaining any suspense account. In the balance sheet of our life Our children will be our true assets and liabilities! If they are boys, they will be our sundry debtors If they are girls, they will be our sundry creditors But if we have a boy and a girl, Our balance sheet will tally automatically! I am The Greatest Ever

Saturday, 2 June 2012

Altman Z-score


The Altman Z-Score is a quantitative balance-sheet method of determining a company’s financial health. “Safe” companies, i.e. companies that have a low probability of bankruptcy, have an Altman Z-Score greater than 3.0.The Altman Z-Score is a measure of a company’s health and likelihood of bankruptcy. Several key ratios are used in the formulation of an Altman Z-Score Value.The Z-score formula for predicting bankruptcy was published in 1968 by Edward I. Altman, who was, at the time, an Assistant Professor of Finance at New York University. The formula may be used to predict the probability that a firm will go into bankruptcy within two years. Z-scores are used to predict corporate defaults and an easy-to-calculate control measure for the financial distress status of companies in academic studies. The Z-score uses multiple corporate income and balance sheet values to measure the financial health of a company.The Z-score is a linear combination of four or five common business ratios, weighted by coefficients. The coefficients were estimated by identifying a set of firms which had declared bankruptcy and then collecting a matched sample of firms which had survived, with matching by industry and approximate size (assets).Altman applied the statistical method of discriminant analysis to a dataset of publicly held manufacturers. The estimation was originally based on data from publicly held manufacturers, but has since been re-estimated based on other datasets for private manufacturing, non-manufacturing and service companies.Generally speaking, the lower the score, the higher the odds of bankruptcy. Companies with Z-Scores above 3 are considered to be healthy and, therefore, unlikely to enter bankruptcy. The Z-Score model is the 1960′s brainchild of Professor Edward Altman of NYU.For Public Companies, the Model is calculated as follows: Z = 1.2*X1 + 1.4*X2 + 3.3*X3 + 0.6*X4 + 1.0*X5.There are 5 variables: X1 = (Working Capital/Total Assets). X2 = (Retained Earnings/Total Assets). X3 = (EBITDA/Total Assets). X4 = (Market Value of Equity/Total Liabilities). X5 = (Net Sales/Total Assets).

ADJUSTMENTS IN FINAL ACCOUNTS