What are the new production techniques models?

There are several potential new production models that we feel arise as a result of digital technology combined with wireless technologies and Web-based software. Among these are: Location independence Real Time Cinema Live Cinema Hybrid/Production Fusion Techniques Collaborative Cubes Parallel Production Let's look at each briefly. Location independence Location independence is the ability to collaborate on film production over the Internet in such as way that the various craft persons and departments can be geographically dispersed. For example, a director could hypothetically direct an entire production from a different location than the crew via a remote, real time DV conference link over the Internet. The director could see multiple DV camera views within a single computer workspace and make editing choices on the fly or after all the source material is compiled. Location independence also means that it is easier for collaborating artists to communicate over the Internet. Scripts can be collaboratively discussed via chat rooms. Edits can be sent for review and acceptance over the Net. DV "dailies" can be uploaded and downloaded from the Internet. Real Time Cinema Real Time Cinema is possible because with DV cameras there is a longer period of time for a take - hypothetically a take can last for the entire length of the film. This allows for films that either have minimal or no edits. Real Time Cinema is a cinema that can be shot quickly and rely heavily on improvisation. Real Time Cinema is potentially a renegade form that will allow for the compression of production schedules from weeks to days or even hours. Live Cinema Live Cinema is a narrative fiction film that is broadcast live to theaters. Live Cinema might be a kind of "pay per view" for theatrical productions, or a one-time event that is then transferred to celluloid (or re-broadcast via digital projection) for more conventional theater viewing after the initial "event." The initial event might also include a live WebCast that allows millions to tap into the Live Cinema event. Like Real Time Cinema, Live Cinema can greatly compress a production schedule (outside of rehearsal). Live Cinema taps into a hybrid mentality and possibilities that arise from DV. Live Cinema is the film equivalent of live television or the sports closed-circuit broadcast. Hybrid/Production Fusion Techniques Hybrid/Production Fusion Techniques involve combining elements of television and film production. For example, the multiple camera techniques commonly found in television can be used more extensively in a DV narrative feature film production. For a variety of reasons, film is often still a single camera operation. The lowered cost of DV allows for multiple cameras on location. For example, a shot/reverse-shot can be done in one take, as is done in television. Also, multiple cameras allow for more latitude in terms of aesthetic choices. An editor has more material to work with, increasing options in the final quality of the film. The Collaborative Cube™ A Collaborative Cube is a virtual space for collaboration. A cube implies an extension of a two-dimensional space to a third dimension. A Collaborative Cube extends the Internet outside of the Net - to the physical environment. For example, a Collaborative Cube could become the "control center" for a digital production. With hybrid production techniques, the "control center" methods with multiple camera setups found in television could be taken on location. The director could communicate via wireless technology to the crew or multiple crews from a Collaborative Cube from which he or she oversees the production. The Collaborative Cube can also extend from one location to another in pre-production. In scriptwriting, an Internet-based script conference could be done through a Collaborative Cube that includes the producer, scriptwriters, and others. Further, actors could rehearse over the Internet in a Collaborative Cube similar to the way that businesspeople teleconference. Musicians in various locales could compose music in a Collaborative Cube that would be mixed and used exactly as if they had recorded in the same physical location. Parallel Production A parallel production is one where several sequences, scenes or even entire films are shot simultaneously. This is accomplished by using multiple digital video camera technology, often linked through wireless communications, that pipe the image back to a central workspace. This workspace can consists of remote monitors or a computer screen or screens that display the visual information from the remote cameras. A parallel production is distinct from traditional television "three camera" set ups in the following ways: The multiple DV camera set ups can occur on location, not just on a television soundstage The cameras do not necessarily focus on the same action The cameras do not necessarily focus on the same story or narrative New narrative forms can potentially arise within a parallel production. Characters can interweave from one plot point in one film to another. There are elements of conjunction, interaction and improvisation that can arise within a parallel production that haven't been seen in traditional multiple camera techniques.

Just-In-Time Manufacturing JIT

The American Production and Inventory Control Society (APICS) has the following definition of JIT: "a philosophy of manufacturing based on planned elimination of all waste and continuous improvement of productivity. It encompasses the successful execution of all manufacturing activities required to produce a final product, from design engineering to delivery and including all stages of conversion from raw material onward. The primary elements include having only the required inventory when needed; to improve quality to zero defects; to reduce lead time by reducing setup times, queue lengths and lot sizes; to incrementally revise the operations themselves; and to accomplish these things at minimum cost."